Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Warming - Re search Paper exampleAlso, degree Celsius dioxide has the tendency to stay in the atmosphere for long periods of time. Contrastingly, irrigate vapor usually condenses soft or evaporate based on the prevailing weather homes. As such, water vapor shtup change faster to the current weather conditions in such a way that energy emitted from the sunshine and the heat radiated back into the atmosphere from the surface of the earth achieve an equilibrium. deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide behaves like a irresponsible factor because its volume in the atmosphere stays relatively constant. Through emission of more carbon copy dioxide into the atmosphere, the point at which equilibrium is attained is at much higher temperature and water vapor volume. Carbon dioxide emission is highly linked with human activities, thus the claim that human being pass on substantially to orbicular warming (Maslin, 2002). It is believed that human beings have raised carbon dioxide co ncentration in the atmosphere by approximately thirty percent, which presents a very big increase. The most common human activity that is link up with this significant increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is burning of fossil fuels. Changes in the proportions of various carbon isotopes in atmospheric carbon dioxide that are related with anthropogenic discharges also points at human beings as major contributors of the global climate change (Bennett, 2010 Valsson, 2006). The burning of fossil fuels for electricity production, transport as considerably as from heating and cement production, all contribute to increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by approximately 22 billion tons per annum. Electricity generation and other sources contribute only a third of the... Global warmingGlobal warming is a serious scrap for mankind as well as all creatures on earth. There have been changes in global climate in recent times posing huge concerns among many scientists . Global warming has mainly been attributed to human actions such as discharging excess CO2 into the atmosphere through combustion of fossil fuels, disforestation and population explosion among others. However, global warming skeptics have disowned the idea of global warming and cited natural causes of the situation that is now attributed mainly to mankind. There are numerous effects of global warming such as rise in sea level, extreme weather change, intensified storms and hurricanes, health impacts and reduced food supply. pitying beings can do a lot to stop global warming. People can use absolved energy sources, reduce garbage accumulation and conserve water in order to prevent keep spread global warming.One of the most significant impacts of global warming is the increase in sea level. As temperature increases, ice melts. Global warming causes considerable amounts of ice to melt at the ice caps at the North and South poles. This feeds oceans with extra water. Increasing temp eratures can cause massive melting of ice, thus cause dramatic rise in the level of sea water (Haldar, 2011). Scientist postulate that the level of sea water could increase by approximately 1.4 m. Consequently, coastal plains will be flooded or simply go under in the surging water volume. A considerable portion of the global population lives along the coastline.

Types of Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Types of giving medication - Research Paper ExampleIn contrast to the classicalschool of thought,behavioral management holds the belief that employees work for inner gratification and are not motivated by material remuneration. It argues that productivity is driven by employee satisfaction and not the material benefits that one stands to gain. 2. Relate how todays management purlieu differs from that of the management environment of the former(a) 1900s. Todays management environment is characterized by globalization, use of technological innovations, deregulation, and fierce competition from challenger companies, diversified workforce and service specialization.This has driven innovation and the use of scientific models to improve production and conclusion making in general. In contrast, 1900s were characterized by mainly farm based activities where in that respect was shortsighted or no dependency. Businesses were mainly small scale and did not operate beyond their regions thu s there was little or no completion to fuel innovations. The government was barely involved in economic matters and there was little regulation on business process as observed in this age. Management environment today is able to better plan and forecast production through data collection and abstract because specialization through division of labor allows more time for process development. ... Employees are now force from different races, age groups, cultures and social backgrounds to bring on board people with fresh ideas and personal outlooks to problems veneer their people0. There are several methods which organizations can use to manage variation. This includes recruitment of a strong leadership which represents the diverse cultures of the employees and can effectively prevent prejudices and discriminations based on differences. Another method to manage vicissitude is to offer training and education which promotes embracing of different cultures or ways of thinking to creat e an open(a) minded work force. A change in the culture and management system to incorporate diversity is also effective in managing diversity in the workplace. It not only creates a sense of belong for all in the workplace but also fosters good relations and open communication transmit needed for a companys growth. 5. Briefly discuss the individual footmarks of the decision-making process. The foremost step of decision-making involves a description of the problem (Dessler, 2007). An initial assessment of the problem is clearly defined to understand why it is a problem and why you want to find solutions. The second step is clarifying your objectives. This step involves list all concerns and converting them to precise objectives that lay the foundation of seeking possible solutions to the problem at hand. It also involves counterchecking the objectives to mark off that they seek to capture their interests of the process. The third step is identifying alternative solutions to the problem presented. Alternatives provide different options to choose from mend making a decision. The fourth step is analyzing the consequences of the

Chapter 1 problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 1 problems - denomination ExampleHowever, my utility of attending the game give be higher as compared to that of Joe because I had already paid more to get the best seat. Addition bothy, if we were to draw an indifference curve, I will be at a higher indifference curve than Joe (Frank & Bernanke, 2013). Therefore, my likelihood of attending the game at Syracuse will also be higher than that of Joe. This is because even if I will be late for the game because of the rash I am assured of the best seat unlike Joe who did not even have a ticket to attend the game.The effects of change in footing on meter of garbage compile may be best explained by taking into consideration the law of demand and supply. This law states that when all other factors are held constant (ceteris Paribas) an make up in price may cause a lessen in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). On the contrary, a decrease in price may cause an increase in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). Therefore, in this case , the garbage was initially collected at $ 6 irrespective of the quantity causing the resident to supply even more grasss of garbage. On the other hand, the change in price tag may have two significant effects on quantity of garbage collected. stolon the quantity of garbage collected will remain the same per average house hold. This is because for each can of garbage to be collected, residents of my city will be paying $2 per can which sum up to $6 for cans per average household. This means that the price per 3 cans will still be the same as the initial fixed price (Arnold, 2010). The second effect is that, individual house hold may descend to supply less cans of garbage to minimize cost (Arnold, 2010).This is because consumers are rational which means that they always taste to minimize cost and maximize their utility subject to their income constraint (Arnold,

In the Name of God Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

In the detect of God - Assignment ExampleAccording to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that religions generally promote concepts of love, acceptance, and forgiveness. Yes, there be also instances of horrific acts justified by most all ancient religious texts but, still, the main substructure is generally of tolerance. The motivations for, along with the act itself of genocide doesnt seem to make sense until one peeks just chthonian the surface.As the former Eastern European nation, Yugoslavia broke apart in the early 1990s into what ar today Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia, Bosnia Herzegovina had not yet been able to secure recognition from the European Union. The delay was due to a lack of racial purity in that emerging country, unlike the circumstances in its neighbor nations. triplet ethnic groups were prominent, Bosnian Serbs (Orthodox Catholic), Bosnian Croats (Roman Catholic ), and Bosniaks ( Islamic). Former Yugoslavian Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, in an grounds to unite the Serbs, absorbed the small nation of Kosovo under his control by gaining a huge unexclusive following. He accomplished this by using his political influence to fill media positions with his political supporters. Kosovo was a blossoming location to begin his vision. Passions already ran high among Christian Serbs who were being oppressed by the majority Muslim population. Franjo Tudjman, a Serbian and Croatian leader, wished to expand Croatian territory. After fighting between themselves, Tudjman and Milosevic decided to join forces forces to conquer than to divide Bosnia Herzegovina. The problem was the Muslim population in that country made for a rattling difficult takeover. Ethnic cleansing was publicly made state policy by both leaders.

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development Essay - 2

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development - Essay ExampleThe ingathering of social networking sites and an increasing population of internet users around the globe develop made a satisfying impact on PR welkins. Advanced Desktop Publishing (DTP) is one such development in this sector which has immensely wait oned in spreading schooling in an attractive manner without spending untold time of readers (Sriramesh & Versis, n.d.). Advanced DTP is a tool which makes it possible to create intelligence serviceletters, reports and even books with the help of a personal computer and proper software. The basic idea of DTP is to publish attractive and unambiguous enfranchisement of particular information so that any user tail be conversant of the article with ease. I strongly believe that it is an effective way of spreading information within a short menstruum of time (Wang, n.d.). Correspondingly, the main advantages of adopting advanced DTP by any organization in its PR st rategies can be illustrated as cost and efficiency. In my point of view, one of the potential advantages of advanced DTP can be associated with a limited requirement of experts to perform the task. The use of advanced DTP can be performed by any individual(a) having minimum knowledge of computer applications. Consequently, it saves significant cost by minimizing the need for assistance from professionals in involving information communication engine room as a tool for PR (Wang, n.d.). Similarly, another benefit of advanced DTP can be attributed to the time factor. In this context, it can be postulated that instead of spending time on having a correction with the outside printer, with the use of advanced DTP the documents can be previewed resulting in minimized wastage of resources as tumefy as time efficiency to communicate the intended message (Wang, n.d.). The new forms of media have undoubtedly sour out to be vital aspects for any organization in spreading messages or communi cating with the global public through effective PR strategies. Apparently, as per my understanding, the relation between the PR industry and the news media is continually strengthening. The development of modern information and communication technology has changed many of the dynamics between PR and traditional way of communicating with publics (Larsson, 2009). I firmly admit that the development of information and communication technology has benefited the PR industry to a great extent. Development in sectors like a database, DTP, and e-mail technologies have provided ease to PR department by making the communication process much faster and much effective than the past. Apparently, PR, as an industry, has become much important than it was in the traditional era. Today, the increase in the media sector is generally seen through the PR industry. It can be said that a decade ago, the media was less dependant on the PR industry as there were only a few newspapers, television impart and few occasional magazines to be published. However, the condition today has dramatically changed over the years. Consequently, the need of PR has change magnitude to a great extent where technology has become one of the many considerable factors that have significantly facilitated the PR industry to rapidly grow in the 21st century (Trotman Publishing, 2001). The knowledge of advanced DTP is considered as one of the most important aspects for a PR publisher.

SWOT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SWOT - Term study ExampleThese propel its service provisions to its customers.2) It lacks of diversification and product differentiation. The company operates mostly in the join States where it is majorly based. Local sellers acquired its stores both in Europe and in the Middle East including Australia.1) The company has greater prospects of issue since customers are highly willing to make online orders and purchases. The company is among the first to install online operation programs for its customers hence prospects of proceeds since they offer this opportunity to a wide client base.3) The ever-increasing expenditure on general consumer products and services. BBB operates many retail outlets and the revenue from the outlets summed up contributes significantly to the firms total revenue.1) The constantly increasing attention of the presidency toward the environmental practices and issues of companies and how they handle such issues. One should bear in mind that BBB Corporatio n already had tussle with watchdog because of its poor waste perplexity procedures.4) The constant and consistent technological improvement in the management of business operations where tasks are to a very small extent handled manually, most operations are mechanized hence efficiency and effectiveness.Internal analysis involves a keen analysis of the major functions of the organization, its abilities as compared to those of the competitors. In its efforts to achieve competitive edge and marketability of its operations, BBB has decided to modernize its operations (www.newyork.bbb.org/). These are conducted in its efforts to pass on and support best market practices while celebrating being a model given it is one among the hardly a(prenominal) to initiate online transactions. BBB operates its internal operations based on trust and this has enabled it earn accreditations, awards which not any early(a) company is eligible for in the United States. The internal cores and operations of BBB are

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Essay

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi-Arabian Arabia - Essay sampleThe focus groups participated in a price simulation figure followed by interviews. The price simulation exercise exposed the participants to price changes to their preferred vehicle and observed how they responded to those changes. The follow-up interviews were calculated to determine why the participants responded as they did to the price changes in the price simulation exercise. Research findings indicate that most customers pass on at the rattling least consider an alternative blur when confronted with a price change. However, the more affluent and loyal customers depart not change brands when price changes are insignificant and are reasonable. These results are analyzed by extension phone to a conceptual framework drawn from the work of Villargeo-Ramos and Sanchez (2005) and Yoo, Donthu, and Lee (2000) who established a link amongs t marketing communications and brand equity including brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty and perceived brand quality. The results of this study confirm that price changes as a marketing communication strategy is received and interpreted in the background of the different dimensions of brand equity.This is a qualitative case study that investigates the responses of consumers in Saudi Arabia when experiencing sudden price adjustments to the leading models in automobile categories of small sedans, medium sedans, and small SUVs in Saudi Arabia. In particular this qualitative case study seeks to determine from the perspective of Saudi Arabian consumers the expiration that price influences their purchasing behavior the impact of price changes on the brand equity of Toyota in the context of brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, and perceived quality and whether or not effective price care would improve or maintain Toyotas competitive edge in Saudi Arabias mar ket. This chapter will explain the research methodology used for achieving the goals of this research study and the justifications for the methodology

Sexual harassment in the workplace Research Paper - 1

familiar harass handst in the workplace - Research Paper ExampleToday, internal harasswork forcet cases filed under the law, thanks to several well-publicized court actions, have become a hot tag end legal item, with thousands of alleged cases heard each year and as legion(predicate) victims saved from the indignity of work-related evokeual advances. Sexual harassment as be legally by the website Equal Rights Advocates as unwelcome verbal, visual, or sensible conduct of a inner nature that is severe or pervasive and affects working conditions or creates a strange work environment (par. 1). This said hostile environment is iodine of the primary benchmarks for alleged sex discrimination and perhaps the most damaging in its affect on the individuals civil rights. As one might imagine, to be fired, refused a promotion, demoted or helpless to avoid a vile performance evaluation must be the worst consequence of this deliberate act. Even if the conduct does non result in such actions, constant sexual harassment interferes with work performance, in itself creating the said hostile environment. As example, repeated sexual comments unreported privy make an individual so uncomfortable as to affect performance and subsequently lead to negative work assessments. No doubt, before Title VII, many a worker was dismissed without the full disclosure of what was going on, or even if it was, out of the give of the offended person. One can only imagine this situation. Sexual harassment is also legally defined as an overt and obvious form of sex discrimination, which means men are allowed--although in the nineties, statistically not as likely as women to do so -- file charges. Today, however, changes have occurred and more men are filing complaints. In 2006 the number of complaints by men sat somewhere around 1870 by 2009 it was up to 2,094. The spike in male sexual harassment claims coincides with a recession that has hit men harder than women (Mystal par 2-3). Stat istics show that from 2008 to 2010 the number of men who lost their jobs was nearly double that of women. Using the state of shekels as an example, where unemployment is high, the percentage of claims by men increased nearly 10 percent from 2007 to 2009. (Mystral par. 3). Whether men or women are filing, the conclusion is clear. Since the early nineties things have certainly changed in terms of attitudes toward what was once conception quite acceptable normal male/female, or female/male behavior in the workplace. on that point is a heightened consciousness in society concerning sexual harassment, and a relentless, much-needed, and well-overdue push toward zero tolerance of sexual harassment in workplaces, including the military. Those old enough can remember the well-publicized Tailhook scandal regarding sexual abuse and harassment against female military recruits, as well as suits brought against major corporations by the Equal Employment fortune Commission (EEOC), including Mi tsubishi Motor Corporation for a consistent pattern of acceptance of harassment. Conclusions were clear No one desiring a secure career in the private or public sector today can afford the attitude that may have once prevailed that sexual harassmen

Processing and Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product Essay

Processing and Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product - Essay ExampleThis essay approves that the appropriate storage conditions label on jammed chilled food further minimizes the risk of microbial contamination after process and packaging. The tell minimal shelf life may be lost when improper storage conditions are utilize or when the storage conditions are not mentioned on product. Maintenance of appropriate temperature and sterilized environment during pre-processing and processing steps followed by controlled sterilized and chilled atmosphere during packaging and storage results in the effective storage of packed food. The regulation of temperature and sterilized conditions throughout, retards many of the risks generated due to microbial, physical, chemical and biochemical factors. The distribution of processed and packed chilled foods at low temperatures (i.e. refrigerating temperatures) after controlled packaging ensures safety and theatrical role of food a t the time of role and therefore, must be monitored throughout distribution chain.This report makes a conclusion that the contribution of chilled temperature environment plays a significant role in dealing with the identified microbiological, physical and chemical hazards that have potential to interbreed packaged chilled food items. Furthermore, its the proper maintenance of sterilized conditions following strict inspection of quality of raw materials that ensure the production of safe food. The regulation of refrigerating temperatures during distribution and storage is equally all-important(a) as chilling temperature prevent growth of microbes on pasteurized processed food.

This a research Paper on Thomas Gray the Poet Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

This a on Thomas Gray the Poet - Research Paper ExampleHis criticisms reiterated on the perception that Gray was fond of communicating using two languages that comprised of a private and public language. The use of private language was somehow challenging. This fucking be ascertained in his poem that is entitled the Elegy Written in a plain Churchyard, which was published way back in year 1751 (Burns & Robert, 1992).On the other hand, William Wordsworth, in his preamble, made decisions to the lyrical Ballads using the Grays piece of work entitled Sonnet on the Death of Richard West that was published in 1775. He used it as an example to depict that Thomas Gray was generally ruled by a fake ideology of poetic articulation that was brought out using a premature language. In an equal judgment, Matthew Arnold gave a remark on the perspective that the age was erroneous for such a super serious meter. Gray also in the same manner and with familiar discernment, asserted that the age w as wrong for poetry of such significance. To be noted was that Gray was affected by his ultimate age and gum olibanum failed to speak out totally. So, the main precarious biography of Grays reputation and reception regarding his poetry are summed up by all these judgments. The attraction of attentive critics has mainly been due to the fact of superfluous ordinary continuation of Elegys significance. It is because this piece of work has been outstanding and seems to be indisputably superior particularly when measured against all the other performances.Gray was born in a place known as Cornhill back in the year 1716 and was the 5th child of 12 children of Dorothy and Philip Gray, and more so he was the loneliness survivor during infancy. Between the year 1725 and 1734, he attended Eton institution, where he then met Horace Walpole and Richard West, who were very influential. In 1734 he joined Peter house College in Cambridge University. After four

Financial Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Investment - Research melodic theme ExampleThe principles of eon look on of money and learning its techniques are the most important concepts for the study and use of finance in general. The concept of pertain is divided between simple and multiform refer. Simple avocation is metric only by pickings into consideration the beginning principal. For instance, if an individual invested $1,000 dollars in a nest egg account at 5% annual touch, the expected return after one year would amount of money to a $50 gain on investment. The concept of compound enliven unlike simple interest which only takes into consideration the interest return of the initial principal investment is determined by taking into consideration not only heart and soul interest on the principal, but it also includes any interest gained on the initial investment. In simple terms, compound interest calculations encompass interest on interest. It is of dominant importance for a finance manager to un derstand and have a through understanding of time regard as of money concepts and its impact on the evaluate of an asset at a specific meridian of time in order to be successful. Present and Future Value of an Investment For a gild one of the most important tools in determination in the time value of money summary for a specific asset is the cash flows time line. The cash flows time line indicates and helps us regard when the cash flows related to a particular transaction occur in respect to when the transaction originated. Constructing a cash flow time line impart help determine how the timing of cash inputs and outputs will affect the day to day operations of the firm. By utilizing the cash flows time line a somebody can determine the potential future value of an investment today and how the process of compounding interest on the initial investment affects the total value of the initial investment and its aggregate return on the simple interest. In order to calculate the ef fect of compound interest in an investment a person needs to use the compound interest formula (Studyfinance). TV = P1 (1+I)n TV= total value investment value at the end of n periods P1= initial investment I= interest N= number of periods or years Finance textbooks provide the user with future and present compound interest tables. These tables are compute in order to simplify the process and provide a guideline to the user with help in determining present and future value of any investment. The tables provided are calculated by determining the value of an initial investment for various time periods and interest rates. The opportunity value of an investment is the rate of return on the best investment alternative taking into consideration the easy options of equal risk. On the other side of the coin, the compounded present value of an initial investment is calculated by determining the reciprocal amount of compound interest for the same future period (Studyfinance). another(prenom inal) way of visualizing present value of an investment is to adopt a stance where the initial investment value is determined by the interest rate and time period of the future investment window. For investors present value calculations determine where individuals invest their limited funds taking into consideration their actual financial performance and risks and boilersuit return. For potential investors present

What are the most important values in Viet Nam culture Essay

What are the most important values in Viet Nam culture - Essay slipFamily love extends to the society. They swear to live and die in their societies. The mass have an obligation of filial piety.They desire to have a good name. A fragrant name is better than material possessions. The name comes with respect and admiration. People with riches but bad names are not respected. Bad names dally disgrace. Acquiring real names can be through heroic deeds and intellectual achievements. at that place are limited chances for heroic deeds. Thus, utilize the one at hand. Few people have prodigious qualities. The virtues triumphed include honesty, honor, modesty among others.They uphold the love of learning and knowledge. Having this quality commands respect and admiration. Learned people delight prestige. Virtues and knowledge are complementary aspects of ideal men. scholarship is valuable than materials and wealth. Uneducated but wealthy people do not hold a place in the society. Schola rs rank the first then the farmers and the businesspersons. Learning does not come from disinterested motives. Prestige and kindly status drive knowledge. Education transcends people to social leadership and opportunities.People should show respect to senior individuals. One moldiness respect the parents and older siblings. They must show obedience in actions and words. remark makes part of filial piety. Virtuous and learned people fuck admiration and respect. Respect comes through virtuous lives. Also, it comes through heroic deeds. Linguistic devices and specific behaviors express respect. Respect is a vital factor in Vietnamese value system. A person with respect has much opportunities as compared to the

CRJS420 U1IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJS420 U1IP - Research Paper ExampleTo his biggest surprise, my uncle found out that the driver of the vehicle was none other(a) than his beloved father. For a moment he stood there dumbfounded as he contemplated what to do.This clearly is a situation that requires a lot of sobriety, honesty, integrity and morality while handling it. It is such a big dilemma and after my uncle narrated it to me I took myself in his boots. Going by the facts as they stood, I would carry not hesitated to arrest my father. It is evidently clear in our legal justice system that a intoxicated driver is a threat not only to himself/herself but also to other road users. In addition to that, the oath of duty taken by guard officers clearly stipulates service to all, and that a legal philosophy officer should always act with courtesy, honesty as thoroughly as with regard for the welfare of other people.Clearly his father was on the wrong side of the law and needed to be apprehended, for the sake of jus tice. whatever of the positive consequences of this decision would be maintenance of safety for other road users, prevention of potential deaths by means of road accidents and upholding of my morals as well as oath of office as a police office. Creation of bad blood between my father and I would be one of the negative consequences for my doing of apprehending him.Based on my decision, the ethical theory that best describes this approach is deontology which basically argues that individuals ought to stick to their duties and obligations while doing an analysis touching on ethical dilemma. This basically implies that an individual will pursue his/her commitments to another person or society since upholding ones obligation is what is regarded as being ethically correct. A deontologist will, for instance, always asseverate the law (Douglas, 2014).Ethics mostly involves principles that are used to determine what behaviors are good, proper as well

Resident Evil Afterlife. A critique of a movie Review

resident physician Evil Afterlife. A critique of a - Movie Review ExampleThis is the fourth impression in the whole series and it is based on Capcoms video game by the same name. The video is a trey dimensional characterization and it is also the first 3D movie in the series. Alice is a star in the game only it is hard to say the same for the movie. The initial 3D scenes pitch been repetitive and are hardly impressive, a weak beginning was non well received by the sense of hearing and as a result of which the movie failed to live up to the expectations of the fans. The paper will ebulliently present the other important aspects of the movie. The materials used in the movie are quite unique and star of its kind, the movie is a 3D movie and it involves animation and special effects. The effects however have not been presented as the fans expected it to be. The artist is trying to present a world in which Zombies grow by leaps and bounds, a computer virus is affecting the va let race and annihilation has been portrayed in the movie. A. Visual humanistic discipline 1. The movie bears no resemblance to reality it is purely a fancied flick. It is based on human beings turning into Zombies because of a virus and it has secret code to do with reality. 2. The artists is portraying the future in the movie, a virus which would affect our human race might end up making us all Zombies as shown in the movie. It represents the future. 3. The work of the artists is without a doubt sound but the movie is purely a fictitious movie and bears no resemblance to reality so the work can never be believed. B. artistic Concept 1. Being a 3D movie the visual artists have done a good job, Alice stood out for her performance she is much more adored by the fans in the game than in the movie. hitherto her performance was a tour de force, she loses her supernatural powers when she is injected in the movie, she becomes human again but she single handedly carries the movie, the movie would have done very badly had it not been for her. Other characters were merely present in the movie but had no effect whatsoever. The performance of the characters is fine but being a fictitious movie it is hard to believe the scenes in the movie, it is fair to say that the movie is entirely fictitious. 2. Viewer interaction fails in this movie and as an inevitable result of which the movie also fails, the movie does not present overflowing opportunities to the viewers to interact and get involved in the movie. 3. The work does not appeal to the emotions because it is fictitious, it would have appealed to the emotions of the audience had it had any resemblance to the reality, on top of that it is not a job well done. C. Use of dismissal in Creative Designs 1. The use of lighting has been good in the movie the character of Alice has been presented very vividly in the movie. The presentation has been certainly special because the movie is a 3D movie, being a third dimension al movie it had nothing stunning in it, several other 3D movies are fashion better than this movie. The rise scene in which Alice and her entourage enter into Umbrellas headquarters is good, it resembles the opening scene of the game and this made the fans happy and they also started expecting a lot out of the movie but their expectations were never fulfilled as the movie progressed. This is another problem, a movie which begins with an amazing scene essential follow it up because the expectations rise up but this movie failed to live up to the expectations of the fans. 2. There was nothing unusual about the utilization of light, it would have been unusual had it been the first 3D movie but it was not hence it was not unusual in any way. 3. Colors have been used very vividly in the movie, almost all the 3D movies present the use of colors vividly, and it is fair to say

The Multi-unit manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Multi-unit manager - Essay ExamplePractical and Implications The knowledge obtained from this ingest will help the multi-unit restaurant operation in the development of Human resource in ground of recruitment, selection and training needs. Introduction In the United Kingdom, the service industry represented over 77.1 per centum of Gross Domestic Production in 2010 (CAI Fact book, 2011). There are many international hotels such(prenominal) as Hiltons or Accor that have expanded all over the world. In restaurant sector, most restaurants see to be a small business or family business, which has only one unit. After raising more(prenominal) profit, the business tends to expand its outlets to both national and overseas level. McDonalds, for example, has expanded its branches, which are approximately 31,000 restaurants in 2010 (Ritzer 2011). Multi-unit restaurants could be defined as a company which rivals in the sector with more than one unit of a concept or theme (Olesen et al 1 992). Due to intense competitiveness in the restaurant sector, woo reduction and standardization have been consistently focused on in multi-unit firms in order to use up returns on investment of its brand (Jones 1993). In a chain of restaurants, manager of managers or the manager who operates amid operations and cooperate level managers is called as the Multi-unit manager (Drucker 1995). According to Goss-Turner (1999), in a multi-unit firm or the multi-unit sphere of influence responsible for 2 to15 units, the responsibilities of the Multi-unit managers are to concentrate on strategy of business rather than unity unit operations. As a result of standardizations that have increased in nineteenth century, the multi-unit has grown on with systematic assessment for selection of training for the multi-unit manager (Goss-Turner 1999). It could be seen that with the intention of expanding in chain, multi restaurant outlets and the multi-unit area need to develop simultaneously. To ga in a competitive advantage, the company should be able to develop graphic symbol of their employees especially the multi-unit manager. It can be said that most of the academic study has focused on the role, responsibilities and skills of single-unit operation, tho on the multi-unit company. The skills of the area manager are likely to be different from the single unit managers. Umbreit and smith (1990) claimed that almost all the area managers are recruited from single units. Consequently, the multi-unit managers have faced problems in making the passing from single-units to multi-units because of the role, responsibility and skills that are different from single operation managers. Umbreit and Tomlin (1986) surveyed many multi-food services and highlighted that most functions of the multi-unit managers are colligate to restaurant operation, human resource, and finance. Subsequently, Muller and Campbell (1995) also showed that human resource was the most significant issue for th e multi-unit managers. In addition, in 2009 human resource, restaurant operation and finance were still the major requirements for the multi-unit manager position. For these reasons, at the warmth of this study is to analyze the roles, responsibilities and skills of the multi-unit managers in restaurant industry by providing a case study of pan out Asia group. A semi structure conducts interview of the multi-unit

A critical analysis of nursing care for Gina Essay

A critical analysis of treat c ar for Gina - Essay ExampleIn1860,Florence Nightingale accept the importance of theory and process in health oversee,and her message has gotten stronger as the years have progressed.Nurses in the UK today are trained in clinical perform and the importance of pastime defined methods and practices. careless(predicate) of the specific practice model they follow, first and foremost nurses must adhere to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2004) canon of professional conduct standards for conduct, performance and ethics. The code sets the standards on matters such as patient respect, consent, teamwork, confidentiality, professional competence, trustworthiness, and take a chance mitigation. However, the NMC does not specify how a nurse is to embody these standards.Most nurses and health facilities utilise nurse models to guide nursing practice, for example, Roper-Logan-Tierney (1996) Neuman, as cited in Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry (2006) and multi ple theories/models as cited in Aggleton & Chalmers (2000). In addition to specific author-developed models, nursing models are delineated as a function of patient care total patient care, functional, team, and primary (Tiedman & Lookinland, 2004). The nursing field has long recognized the importance of innovative practice models or structural approaches to nursing practice (Weisman, 1991).One particular model, the Roper-Logan-Tierney (RLT) model, originally published in 1980 with revisions in 1985, 1990, and 1996, is a commonly used model in the United Kingdom particular at National Health Service hospitals. ... 1. Maintaining a safe environs2. Communicating 3. Breathing4. Eating & dressing5. Eliminating6. Personal cleansing & dressing7. Controlling body temperature8. Mobilizing9. works & playing10. Expressing sexuality11. Sleeping12. DyingUpon admission to hospital, most patients in an acute care linguistic context have physical problems that impact their ability to satisfactori ly complete these tasks, thus the model can be used in multiple clinical settings (Walsh, 1998). The authors (1996) indicate they recognize the influence of non-medical factors including psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and politico-economic on resources supporting fitted completion of AL, however he model is not without its criticisms, which shall be discussed as applied to and following the skid Description. A nursing model alone is necessary, but not sufficient, to provide nursing care to a patient. The nurse must act, carry out the steps of the model in an organized manner, to provide care meeting the standards of not only the NWC, the hospital, but most importantly, the patient. The National Health Service emphasizes this in its posting model of health care, which places patients and the public in the center of the circle and the providers surrounding them.This organized action involves following the nursing process. The nursing process generally includes four p hases assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. While generally performed sequentially, given the myriad of problems and matters a nurse must monitor for just one patient, let alone a dozen patients, it is not uncommon for a nurse to simultaneously be supporting tasks in each of the four

Extreme Couponers Essay Example for Free

Extreme Couponers Essay1. Look at the examples of natural behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would get with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with.2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved finished the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of era clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers leave alone promote their goods by crack a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become aroundthing of a fad with television shows such as Extreme Couponing, which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers.As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a cut profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product companionship or they just dont want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and just not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heighten the consumers already loyal tendencies.

Biography of Georg Simon Ohm Essay Example for Free

Biography of Georg Simon Ohm EssayGeorg Simon Ohm (16 March 1787 6 July 1854) was a Bavarian (German) physicist and mathematician. As a graduate(prenominal) coach instructor, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his stimulate creation, Ohm found that at that place is a direct proportionality between the potential deflexion (volt days) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric veritable. This relationship is kn ingest as Ohms impartiality. Ohm died in Munich in 1854, and is buried in the Alter Sdfriedhof. Early yearsGeorg Simon Ohm was born into a Protestant family in Erlangen, Bavaria, (then a part of the Holy Roman Empire)son to Johann Wolfgang Ohm, a locksmith and Maria Elizabeth Beck, the daughter of a adapt in Erlangen. Although his parents had not been formally educated, Ohms father was a respected man who had educated himself to a high level and was able-bodied to give his sons an excellent education through his own pedagogys. Of the seven children of the family only tether survived to adulthood Georg Simon, his younger brother Martin, who later became a well-known mathematician, and his sister Elizabeth Barbara.His mother died when he was ten. From earliest childhood, Georg and Martin were taught by their father who brought them to a high standard in mathematics, physical science, chemistry and philosophy. Georg Simon attended Erlangen Gymnasium from age eleven to fifteen where he received little in the area of scientific training, which sharply contrasted with the inspire instruction that both Georg and Martin received from their father. This characteristic do the Ohms bear a resemblance to the Bernoulli family, as famous by Karl Christian von Langsdorf, a professor at the University of Erlangen.Life in universityGeorg Ohms father, concerned that his son was blow his educational opportunity, sent Ohm to Switzerland. There in Septem ber 1806 Ohm accepted a position as a mathematics teacher in a school in Gottstadt bei Nydau. Karl Christian von Langsdorf left the University of Erlangen in premature 1809 to take up a send out in the University of Heidelberg and Ohm would have liked to have gone with him to Heidelberg to restart his mathematical studies. Langsdorf, however, advised Ohm to continue with his studies of mathematics on his own, advising Ohm to read the becomes of Euler, Laplace and Lacroix. Rather reluctantly Ohm took his advice nevertheless he left his teaching post in Gottstadt bei Nydau in March 1809 to become a underground tutor in Neuchtel. For two years he carried surface his duties as a tutor piece of music he followed Langsdorfs advice and continued his snobbish get hold of of mathematics. Then in April 1811 he returned to the University of Erlangen.His private studies had stood him in broad(a) stead for he received a doctorate from Erlangen on 25 October 1811 and immediately joined the faculty as a mathematics lecturer. After three semesters Ohm gave up his university post. He could not see how he could attain a better status at Erlangen as prospects there were poor while he essentially lived in poverty in the lecturing post. The Bavarian political relation offered him a post as a teacher of mathematics and physics at a poor timber school in Bamberg and he took up the post there in January 1813. This was not the successful career envisaged by Ohm and he decided that he would have to show that he was worth much more than a teacher in a poor school. He worked on writing an elementary entertain on the teaching of geometry while remaining desperately unhappy in his job.After Ohm had endured the school for three years it was unsympathetic down in February 1816. The Bavarian government then sent him to an overcrowded school in Bamberg to help out with the mathematics teaching. On 11 September 1817 Ohm received an offer of the post of teacher of mathematics and physics at the Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne. This was a better school than any that Ohm had taught in previously and it had a well equipped physics laboratory. As he had done for so much of his life, Ohm continued his private studies reading the texts of the leading French mathematicians Lagrange, Legendre, Laplace, Biot and Poisson. He moved on to reading the works of Fourier and Fresnel and he began his own observational work in the school physics laboratory after he had learnt of Oersteds discovery of electromagnetics in 1820. At first his experiments were conducted for his own educational benefit as were the private studies he made of the works of the leading mathematicians.The Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne failed to continue to keep up the high standards that it had when Ohm began to work there so, by 1825, he decided that he would try again to attain the job he really wanted, namely a post in a university. Realising that the way into such a post would have to be through researc h publications, he changed his attitude towards the experimental work he was punctuate about and began to systematically work towards the publication of his results 1- Overburdened with students, finding little appreciation for his conscientious efforts, and realising that he would never marry, he turned to science both to prove himself to the world and to have something solid on which to hateful his petition for a position in a more stimulating environment. In fact he had already convinced himself of the truth of what we call today Ohms law namely the relationship that the current through most materials is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the material.The result was not contained in Ohms firsts paper published in 1825, however, for this paper examines the decrease in the electromagnetic force produced by a wire as the length of the wire increased. The paper deduced mathematical relationships based purely on the experimental evidence that Ohm had t abulated. In two important papers in 1826, Ohm gave a mathematical description of conduction in circuits modelled on Fouriers study of heat conduction. These papers continue Ohms deduction of results from experimental evidence and, curiously in the second, he was able to propose laws which went a long way to explaining results of others working on galvanic electricity. The second paper certainly is the first step in a comprehensive opening which Ohm was able to give in his famous book published in the following year.Teaching careerOhms own studies prepared him for his doctorate which he received from the University of Erlangen on October 25, 1811. He immediately joined the faculty there as a lecturer in mathematics but left after three semesters because of unfortunate prospects. He could not survive on his salary as a lecturer. The Bavarian government offered him a post as a teacher of mathematics and physics at a poor quality school in Bamberg which Ohm accepted in January 181 3. Unhappy with his job, Georg began writing an elementary textbook on geometry as a way to prove his abilities. Ohms high school was closed down in February 1816. The Bavarian government then sent him to an overcrowded school in Bamberg to help out with the teaching of mathematics.Memorial for Ohm at the skilful University of Munich, Campus Theresienstrasse After his assignment in Bamberg, Ohm sent his completed manuscript to King Wilhelm III of Prussia. The King was at ease with Ohms book, and offered Ohm a position at the Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne on 11 September 1817. This school had a reputation for good science education and Ohm was required to teach physics in attachment to mathematics. The physics laboratory was well-equipped, allowing Ohm to begin experiments in physics. As the son of a locksmith, Ohm had some practical fancy with mechanical devices. Ohm published Die galvanishe Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (The Galvanic racing circuit Investigated Mathematically) i n 1827. Ohms college did not appreciate his work and Ohm resigned from his position. He then made an application to, and was employed by, the Polytechnic School of Nuremberg. Ohm arrived at the Polytechnic School of Nuremberg in 1833, and in 1852 he became a professor of experimental physics at the University of Munich.The discovery of Ohms law raise information Ohms LawOhms law first appeared in the famous book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (tr., The Galvanic lap Investigated Mathematically) (1827) in which he gave his complete theory of electricity. In this work, he stated his law for electromotive force acting between the extremities of any part of a circuit is the product of the strength of the current, and the resistance of that part of the circuit. The book begins with the mathematical background necessary for an understanding of the rest of the work. While his work greatly influenced the theory and applications of current electricity, it was coldly received at that time.It is interesting that Ohm presents his theory as one of contiguous action, a theory which opposed the concept of action at a distance. Ohm believed that the communication of electricity occurred between contiguous particles which is the line Ohm himself used. The paper is concerned with this idea, and in particular with illustrating the differences in this scientific approach of Ohms and the approaches of Joseph Fourier and Claude-Louis Navier. A detailed study of the conceptual framework used by Ohm in producing Ohms law has been presented by Archibald. The work of Ohm marked the primal beginning of the subject of circuit theory, although this did not become an important field until the end of the century.Ohms acoustic lawFurther information Ohms acoustic lawOhms acoustic law, sometimes called the acoustic phase law or simply Ohms law, states that a musical sound is perceived by the ear as a set of a number of constituent pure harmonic tones. It is well known to be not preferably true.WORKS* Guidelines for an appropriate treatment of geometry in higher education at preparatory institutes / notes* The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically* Elements of analytic geometry concerning the skew coordinate system* Fundamentals of physics Compendium of lectures

A Story About Courage Essay Example for Free

A Story About Courage EssayWaking up in the fore zero(prenominal)n to birds chirping and the warm summer breeze is almost impossible when you live in the heart of New York City, sound it is for me at least. My name is light-haired Collins, Im your typical teenage girl. I like sacking out with my friends, having slumber parties, and going shopping. I moved from Texas to New York City a calendar month and a half ago. The turn I stepped out of the car I instantly love the change. It wasnt that I didnt enjoy living in Texas, but now living in New York mat like it make much more sense.As a child I did everything with my pascal. Biking, fishing, rollerblading, you name it. I, Sandy Collins has done it. My dad always said he wanted a better purport for me then what he had, he sure meant it. Back when I was almost el nonetheless years gray-headed my parents got a divorce, great birthday present, huh? At first when Id walk into the room where my parents would be arguing, theyd p retend they were only talking loud of some sort. But as the months went by, they didnt even noticed when Id enter the room. Soon after that my mom filed for a divorce, leaving me in the middle.It was hard to cope with it to begin with, but soon after that I complete I had no part in what happened. lawfulway four years later here I am fashioning the decision to move in with my dad. When I first mentioned moving to New York to my mom, her reaction was absolutely no. by and by mentioning it a few more sequences, giving her a month or two, she fin exclusivelyy realized that I should be able to make my own decisions because in the end itd make me happier. flat five months after, BAM New York City here I come. The twelve hour drive was definitely the tally road trip, bond time, or whatever my mom would wish to call it.She came up with a happy idea to shove me, my seven year old brother Ricky, my stepfather Joe, and herself in our beat up Toyota tercel and take on the task to dri ve us all the way to New York for the last bonding time shell have with me in a long time. Not to mention were in the month of July. Sweetie would you like something to eat? mom said shaking my shoulder. Id fallen dormant three hours into the drive. We ordered from the nearest fast food transmit, Mcdondalds, filling all our hungry appetites.After some ten hours I became so bored I started to play with the lose thread on my shirt. I could tell Ricky wasnt having any more fun then I was considering he was opening and oddment the screen of his Nintendo DS over and over and over again. The craft became agony, theres no mistrust that you could put your car in park for five minutes and no would notice. Finally after hours of traffic we arrived at the house. Dad had just walked out the front door waving and smiling.Dad I exclaimed date giving him a giant bear hug. Hi hunny, Im so glad youre here. Dad said smiling. Nice place you got here Joe said examining it with his eyes. Weve n ever been to dads place before, hed always come to Texas to visit on special occasions and my birthdays. Now you be good, call whenever you have the time and no late night walks, New York is very various then back home. Mom said. She kept going on until she had run out of things to say. Okay, Okay mom. take to you at thanksgiving, love you. I said giving her a hug. I realized after truism that, that made her take-in how long itd be until wed see each other again.After saying goodbye to everyone I knew Id miss each and everyone back home in Texas terribly but I had a feeling this was a change for the better. What we had left of the day, dad resolved itd be a good idea to show me around the neighbourhood. Your hair is so straight and black now dad said. Yeah, I coloured it a few months ago. I thought it was time for some change, like moving here. I said smiling. For the next month dad and I went fishing, rollerblading, shopping, and all the other things we used to do when mom a nd he were together.I even met a new friend, Paige. Shes the neighbours daughter she told me wed be attending the same naturalise together up the street when school re-opens in two weeks. The next day we arranged to go shopping. Hey dad, would it be O.K. if I go shopping with Paige today? I said. Sure hunny, I have to run a few errands and do some grocery shopping anyway, so Ill drop you two sullen at the mall. Dad said, smiling as always. Paige is so nice and out-going to be around. My friends in Texas were more down-to-earth.We would hitherto go places and what not, but Paiges personality screams fun. We need to spice up your wardrobe, all of your out-fits are likewise toned down for NYC. Paige said, exhausting on a vintage pair of black boots. After a couple of hours of shopping, we grabbed something to eat and went home. Home I kept thinking. I like it here, being with my dad made me so much happier. Walking down the busy streets of New York with the sound of cars honki ng, people shouting for taxis, bargainers trying to sell you their no more than $5 junk, was now what I got to call home.Oddly I loved it. When I got home I took my shopping bags to my room and headed downstairs to watch T. V while wait on my dad to come home and make dinner. As I reached for the television remote the knell rang. Hello, may I speak to Mr. Collins? Hes not home at the moment would you like me to take a message? Sure, is this Ms. Collins? Yes it is. I said, realizing soon after this person was plausibly referring to Ms. Collins as if I was my dads wife. A moment before I was somewhat to correct myself, the person started speaking again. Oh, hi Ms. Collins, this is Toms doctor, Dr. Lee. Unfortunately I have to put out the bad news to you Toms cancer results have come in positive. He has cancer in his right lung and its too late to attempt to cure it. Im super sorry to tell you this way Toms appointment was re-scheduled in two weeks from now when school re-ope ns, he cancelled the appointment scheduled for today knowing hed want to fell as much time with your daughter arriving from Texas before school started.When I got the results, knowing Tom for so long, I wanted him to know as soon as possible. I didnt know what to do, I held the phone to my ear ready to reply but my mind went blank. Eventually I replied and hung up the phone. Did I really just hear that? No, it couldnt be. My dad couldnt have cancer, he just couldnt. Who am I kidding? His doctor called for god sakes, I just didnt want to believe it. Moments later my dad walked in the front door. Hi hunny. He said smiling.

Aiu Econ Online Essay Example for Free

Aiu Econ Online EssayAbstractThis paper go out demonstrate the concerns of correcting the effects of gases and particulates emitted by a local power plant and how the market activities have unintended substantiating or negative effects outside the markets scope. These effects be referred to as externalities and therefore, will examine the court and benefits of each action.ExternalitiesIn the business world, things will come up that will every benefit both sides or vice versa. Beca workout these type of things come up, your company has to be ready for these things. usually externalities are set about as a benefit for business deal to go through. Externalities are generated when individuals impose costs on or provide benefits for others. They usually do non have an frugal incentive to take those cost or benefits into account. This results in either a negative or a positive externality. A negative externality is generated when a particular side effect imposes a cost on oth ers. A positive externality is a side effect that generates benefits for others. (Krugman, 2011). I feel the regime should step in when this things affect the US in a negative way. They assure so legion(predicate) other aspects of business so why not the bad externalities. There are many ship canal in which the governing body controls the amount of emissions and pollutants that are released, but the most two common ways they use is to tax the companies that are producing the pollutants. This is called the Pigouvian Tax. A Pigouvian Tax is a tax on external activities.These externalities are actions not taken into account by the acting party. For example, defilement is considered an external activity to many industrial processes therefore, the government might impose a tax on clogrs. (WordIQ, 2012). Another way the government can control the amount of emissions is to directly tax the pollution. This would put more of a responsibility on companies that just pollute our air. The g overnment, in my opinion should regulate this more closely. However, this is referred to as the standards-charge approach. The government will establish a take of pollution it believes is appropriate and will charge a fine to the company for each unit it is supra the allotted amount. (Crandell, n.d.).There are many benefits from reducing pollution, but the most notable are by reducing pollutants in our air, the environment would be much cleaner and ecosystems would be healthier by lowering the greenhouse gasses. In addition, the health of the individuals would benefit by having cleaner air to breath. Being that I have horrible allergies, this would greatly help me. Not only would I have a interrupt living, but I am sure there are many more individuals that would enjoy cleaner air. Yes, not just clean air but longevity to our children of being responsible. The cost of reducing pollution will always result in some sort of loss involved, both to the government rarified fines and ta xes and to the companies. If the taxes are levied, naturally companies will find ways to reduce costs by laying-off employees or by sending jobs elsewhere, for example, to a foreign country.ReferencesCrandall, R. (n.d.). Pollution controls. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Retrieved from www.econlib.org.Krugman Wells. (2011). Microeconomics. (2nd. Ed). New York Worth Publishers. WordIQ. (2012). Pigouvian tax. Retrieved from www.wordiq.com.

Romeo and Juliet, analytical essay Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet, analytical sample EssayRomeo and Juliet is an extremely well-known play written by William Shakespeargon in the late 1590s. It is a subject field about an ancient rivalry between two wealthy families which is defied by two teenage star-crossed lovers who tragically die. The play was set in the Elizabethan era in Verona Italy. Despite that the play was written quadruplet hundred years ago it continues to capture the imaginations of teenagers in the 21st century, and the themes within the play are hush up seen in modern culture. These themes include infatuation, emotional extremity and rebellion.Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in English literature history, infatuation is naturally the plays foremost and most significant theme as Romeo and Juliet become infatuated with each other in an impossible situation. Romeo and his friends have crashed the Capulets society and Romeo has retributory laid eyes on Juliet, Romeo says O, she doth larn the torches to burn bright It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night akin a rich jewel in an Ethiopias ear Shakespeares use of metaphor O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright (1. 5.2) reflects Romeos extreme infatuation with Juliet as he idolises her, Romeo is saying how beautiful and glow Juliet is by comparing her to the stars. The love between Romeo and Juliet can come across as immature and willing which is why it is also known as infatuation. Teenagers in the 21st century still have these self-generated emotions which cause them to make immature decisions which arent thought through clearly with all the outcomes considered examples of these impulsive actions are sexting, and having an un-committed sexual relationship.Romeos wild emotions majorly impact those directly around him, especially Juliet. Romeos emotions are endlessly very intense and usually change quite quickly without much thought to the previous be which caused his emotions to go wild in the first place. Juliet is impacted by these extreme emotions as seen later in the play that Juliets level headedness is thrown out the window and quickly replaced with similar intense emotions just like Romeo. These emotions are seen commonly among teenagers now days, due to raging hormones and increasing pressure from other secure causes, irrational mood swings and impulsive decisions

Ethnic Groups in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

cultural Groups in Pakistan EssayRecommended Citation Khan, Adeel, Ethnic nationalism and the read in Pakistan, fix of Philosophy thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, 2001. http//ro. uow. edu. au/theses/1736 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further study contact the UOW Library emailprotected edu. au Ethnic nationalism and the State in Pakistan A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from University of Woilongong by Adeel Khan Sociology Program, Faculty of Arts February 2001contract I, Adeel Khan, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Sociology Program of Faculty of Arts, University of Woilongong, is wholly my ingest work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other schoolman institutio n. Adeel Khan 26 February 2001 11 Aknowledgements I would like to thank the Sociology Program and the School of Critical interrogation at the University of Woilongong for helping me to travel to Pakistan twice to do my fieldwork.In Pakistan there are too some people who have helped me in many a(prenominal) different ways. I am grateful to all those academics, journalists, politicians, lawyers and activists who spared their cartridge clip to speak to me. I would like to especially thank Mazhar Abbas who not only provided me with very useful culture and contacts merely also arranged meetings with the MQM leaders. I am indebted to Ahmed Shah and Ayub Shiekh for organising one of the more or less entertaining as well as productive trips to Hyderabad where they arranged meetings with Ibrahim Joyo and Rasul Bux Palejo and other Sindhi nationalists.In Lahore I had the pleasure of Khawar Malik and Imtiaz Alams company in one of the most dramatic months in Pakistans history when the c hief justice and the prime minister were caught in a bizarre battle of ego that had created a serious political crisis. In Quetta, Abdul Sami Kakar, a designer Pukhtim Student Federation activist, who was introduced to me by Tahir Mohammad Khan, was a wonderful company and great help in organising interviews with Baloch and Pukhtun nationalists.In Islamabad I shall always miss late Eqbal Ahmed with whom I had some of the most stimulating discussions. My supervisor, Stephen Castles, has been an gruesome source of encouragement and inspiration. He not only encouraged me to compute as deeply and as critically as possible but also, at times, forced me to explore different aspects of the argument whenever he felt I could do better. I have particularly benefited from Stephens knowledge of European history.What impressed me the most about Stephen, however, is that he is one of those people who are so comfortable with themselves that they hardly care what others think of them, and theref ore they are unassuming and full of humility. I wish I could learn that from him, too. My wife, Rafat, deserves more than a few words of gratitude for she is the one who had to put up with my anxiety, self-doubt, writers block, mood swings, and all the other hazards that come with a person who agrees with Adomo that (o)nly those thoughts are frue which fail to understand themselves. I stand obliged to her for bearing with me. As is customary, and in legal terms, too, I must admit that only I am responsible for the mistakes and weaknesses in my work, but as I have made it obvious that I would not have been able to elicit this work without the help of all those mentioned above, and therefore, morally at least, they put upnot escape the responsibility. The only consolation I can offer to them is that I apologise for the mistakes and weaknesses and promise to try harder, next time, to fail better.Ill Abstract patriotism is a way of dealing with a world where everything melts into thi n air. It is a stratum of self-love in which individuals celebrate their collective identity. And like all forms of self-love it gets its strength more from the hatred of others than its love for the self Here lies the secret behind some of the most intractable conflicts in the world. patriotism is, probably, the only form of self-love that gets its life-blood from an institution, the modem state.Had the state not been behind the self-love of the Germans, they would not have been able to torture and take out so many Jews in such a short period of time. Likewise, had the west not helped the Jews to ca-ca their own state in Palestine, the Jews would never have been able to displace and kill so many Palestinians. Nationalism is not the pathology of the modem world, but is, as a sentiment and as a doctrine, only a pathetic way to deal with a pathetic world.But nationalism as a endorse of power, as a politics, is lethal and destructive. As a sentiment and as a doctrine nationalism ma y be the child of an unstable and fast changing world but as a politics it is the child of the nation state. This thesis explores the relationship amongst the nation-state and the nationalisms of four ethnic groups, namely, Pukhtun, Sindhi, Baloch and Mohajir, who have, at assorted points in time, contested the legitimacy of the administrative structure of the Pakistani state.It starts with identifying the issue of ethnic conflicts, goes on to freshen the available literature and then outlines a framework for studying ethnic IV nationalism. As the vehemence here is on the role of the modem state in provoking ethnic discontent and resistance the hour chapter discusses the interventionist role of the state and tries to highlight its relationship with nationalism. The second section of the chapter looks at various approaches to nationalism and explains as to which approach is more suitable and why for dealing with ethnic nationalism.The third chapter endeavours to explicate the di fference between pre-colonial and colonial state in India as well as the way the colonial state disrespect being modem was different from the modem state organization in the west. The fourth chapter discusses the state system in Pakistan and argues that the postcolonial state is a replica of the colonial state. The next four chapters examine the emergence of four ethnic movements and their alter strategies for dealing with the centralising and homogenising policies of the state.Throughout, the focus remains on the ethnic groups distance from and proximity to the state system as the major factor in determining their relationships. Table of Contents Declaration Acknowledgments Abstract 11 iii iv Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Introduction Nationalism and the State Colonisation of the State in India Nationalisation of the Colonial State in Pakistan Pukhtun Ethnic Nationalism From Separatism to Integrationism Baloch Ethnic Nationalism From Guerilla War to Nowhere?Sindhi Ethnic Nationalism Migration, Marginalisation, and the Threat of Indianisation Mohajir Ethnic Nationalism El Dorado gone Sour At a Crossroads as Ever forwards 1 24 45 67 99 133 Chapter 7 158 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 201 238 References Appendix A Interviews 244 259 VI The whole is the false Adomo Inversion of Hegels famous dictum, the whole is the true (197850) Vll Please see patsy copy for image Source 1998 Census (Statistical Pocket Book of Pakistan, 2000) PAKISTAN.

How Information Technology Affects Business Essay Example for Free

How info Technology Affects Business commemorate well-nighAs a business owner, and manager the need for a way to manage our discipline is essential. The energy to handle the overwhelming amount of data and information that goes through a company every day clock could be a key factor in whether a business fails or succeeds. (Ebert Griffin 2005) The dodge in which we collect and use this information is c every last(predicate)ed an Information System (IS). An IS is used in financial accounting, managerial accounting, by laborers, and executives. In my basket shop, an Information System is what completelyows us to keep track of orders, from the time they argon received to when they are delivered. It keeps track of customer information, the supplies ordered, what supplies curb been used, and whether we need to reorder.IS also keeps track of what we are spending, how to a greater extent than we are making, and whether we are making a profit or loss. There is so much more th is system does for us, but basically lets us be more efficient, offer part customer service, and concedes us to see our problem areas. We can then correct any problems, and set better goals and plans for our future. The use of the Information System has allowed us to hire fewer employees, and be a lot more competitive in the market. I have to say if we did not have any kind of way to manage the information we receive, we could not be as efficient, which would lead to customer dissatisfaction, and in the end we would go out of business. We all know that in todays society. Businesses are expected to be proficient by responding quickly in fulfilling all orders correctly and with a timely delivery.Web sites are becoming a vital communication neb almost as valu adequate as the telephone, and much more flexible and economical than a printed folder or flier (Internet Use, 2000)With the use of email and the internet we depart have drastic reductions in cost, change magnitude speed in communication time, and a larger customer reach and satisfaction. Email pass on allow us to save money on stamps and paper, cut response time to a minimum, and send advertisements about sales to previous customers who took this option. A problem that used to communicate days to handle before by mail, waiting for papers to arrive by mail etc, is now handled in minutes. Without the internet, we would not be able to offer a virtual store front online, which allows us to reach customers, thousands of miles away,that we would not reach otherwise. The online store, will give the customers the option of having their basket delivered, or they can order ahead of time and pick up at the store location. The internet provides access to the World Wide Web (WWW). With the WWW we can do more cost efficient and quicker research on our competitors, suppliers, and the local economic status.Being better informed, we will be able to keep our prices fair and reasonable, yet still crystalize a profit . by means of the use of the internet, and succor from a GPS tracker, we will be able to keep track of packages being delivered. This will allow us to keep our customers better informed as to when they will receive their basket and make sure they dont get lost. The World Wide Web will also allow us to throw payment options that we would not be able to afford otherwise. With the help of ProPay and PayPal we will be able to take payments with credit cards that we would not be able to offer if the internet was not available. In conclusion, with the help of email and the internet, we will be able provide faster, dependable, more cost efficient service, and in fall have better customer satisfaction.Information technology has become an important part of most of todays businesses, it provides us with a way to process, create and store information. With a Database management program a single spot of data is put into several different files to create useful information. It has allowed u s to eliminate the middleman in most cases. In cutting out the middleman, this has allowed quicker response times to situations and increase productivity and set better performance goals. We have more reliable financial statements. It allows you to set up filters, so when feeling at certain areas, you arent wasting time looking through useless information. This in turn saves time and saving time saves money. When keeping customers information stored in our system, it allows us to be more personable and build up stronger relationships with them.The use of email, internet, and information technology allows us to do things we wouldnt have dreamed of years ago. We can maunder face to face with people while being continents apart, we can find information we need at the touch of a couple of buttons, and in return have become more productive, proficient, reliable, and better planners. Because we have increased ourproductivity, and improved our performance due to the technology, we have become more profitable as a result.ResourcesEbert, R.J., Griffen, R.W. (2005) Business essentials (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall.Rooster Graphics International. (2000). Internet use by teeny business. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Rooster Graphics website http//www.rostergraphics.com/ADMIN/SBuse.html

Herbert Spencer Essay Example for Free

Herbert Spencer EssayHe was a biologist first before he became a philosopher. Spencer was born(p) on 1820 of April 27. He never had a formal education, instead he was being taught home by his parents. He was taught of math, social sciences and science and he was also taught of a variety of speaking languages which make him in truth intelligent and proficient. He was a typical, ordinary boy who loves to play around but unfortunately he easily gets sick and even he was an adult he easily catches illnesses. He had an insomnia which greatly change him physic inbuiltlyy.He had his job when he was still on his teenage years in the railways and loved to carry through and through things. This contributed to what he has become and what great things he has achieved in his life. Herbert Spencer was born 1820- 2903, a British philosopher. He is storied for his effort to devise a philosophical system incorporating all scientific learning. In this synthetic philosophy, as he called it, Spencer applied to all branches of knowledge the principle of evolution, which he defined as the change of all things from simple to more complex forms.Spencer achieved particular renown as a social evolutionist. His conclusion that parliamentary law evolves by the biological process of natural selection, a process for which he coined the phrase survival of the fittest, was highly influential. Some of his ideas, however, were based on the largely discredited notion that acquired characteristics can play a fibre in evolution. Spencers first book, Social Statistics in 1850 , presented a surmise of evolution predating Charles Darwins theme of Species by nine years unlike Darwin, however, Spencer, did not present scientific evidence to support his theory. after(prenominal) Darwins theory of natural selection was published, Spencer adopted it enthusiastically. He then wrote a series of volumes survey biology, sociology, ethics, and psychology from an evolutionary point of view. These works brought him world recognition. The first book in the series, First Principles in 1862, presented his synthetic philosophy. It caused much(prenominal) controversy on the relation between science and religion. Spencer, an agnostic, rejected all theological systems as futile attempts to know the unknowable and concluded that knowledge can be gained only through the study of science.Spencer was taught by his father who was a schoolmaster and uncle who was a minister, and did not attend college. Although his real engross was science, for several years he worked as a civil engineer for an English railway and afterward as an editor for the Economist in 1848- 1853. He is an English Philosopher he generalized evolutionary theory outside the confines of biology. He wrote the principle of Psychology in 1870-1872 and Sociology in 1873- 1896, he applied his encyclopaedic knowledge to support his historicist concept of progress. The common origin of European Sociology was the Enlighten ment.Different national traditions reacted to the enlightenment heritage in different ways. The only British innovations were Spencers adaptation of Darwins model of Biological rating to provide explanations of societal change. In France, however, the conservative reaction to the French Revolution rejected atomistic models of troupe which is centered on the individual and questioned the validity of empirical inquiry. The man who added something new to this idea was only Herbert Spencer. He recognized that the Orthodox interpretation of society assumed but did not explain change.Spencer, however, did not forsake the ideas of the Enlightenment but regarded them in relation to a model of social change owing much to Darwins origin of species. He argued that societies were driven forward to more complex and higher forms by the trial for the survival between individuals, and that the struggle had produced in Britain a Laissez Faire industrial society, which was a yet the highest socia l form. He was said to be the competitor of Charles Darwin. Survival of the Fittest and Evolution are the common terms being made known by this Victorian Biologistwho eventually became a philosopher.He viewed evolution as the corresponding that he thought was not consistent. He had formulated different concepts and these are the Adaptation, Integration, Growth and Differentiation. Spencers be years were still focused on his thought of evolution of adult male and its outcome in the future. He was full of pessimism and thought that maybe mankind will not be able to survive. Herbert Spencer was idolize by many and many were influenced by him and they were Charles Darwin, Alfred Marshall, Henry Sidgwick, William Graham Sumner and many other sociologist and theorists.He became known bridge to his Positivism and Evolutionism. He developed ideas which helped made other ideas which explained more of the existence of man. His greatest contribution to mankind was to think and explore more from their minds and not just settle in mediocrity. He wants us to be concerned of the society in which we are existing and the culture that we are following and passing on to other generations. In 1903, Herbert Spencer died. He died with dignity and great reputation, bringing with him the appreciation and love by the entire individuals around him that time.

Indochina Essay Example for Free

Indochina EssayThe federation Vietnamese establishment had a substantial amount of success in keeping power up until 1968, surprisingly. This was done in a number of ways such as government policies, fighting tactics/strategies and the aid of other countries e. g. America. On 26th October 1955 Ngo Dinh Diem won a referendum which appointed him as the President of siemens Vietnam (This was a rigged vote) and gave Emperor Bao Dai the boot. Although the country wasnt in reality a democracy anymore it was more like an oligarchy that implemented a totalitarian regime. Over the contiguous coming years Diem and his followers built his army up going against the communists in their own country, course out a new campaign known as the Denunciation Campaign. This campaign convinced spate to report anyone to the government who were in favour of communism by means of supporting the Viet Minh or anyone who had fought against the French. By August 1956, Diem made it illegal, in a decree k nown as Ordinance 47, to be a communist or to associate with one and it is estimated that because of this decree 12 000 people were killed and 40 000 were imprisoned.Although the way the government went about getting rid of communist was seen as harsh, today it can be seen that this tactic could establish greatly contributed to government being as successful as they were in keeping power up until 1968. From the moment the Geneva Conference ended in 1954, America was South Vietnams backbone. This can be be in a letter sent from President Eisenhower of the USA to Ngo Dinh Diem which states that the United States wanted to succor with the welfare, stability and strength of the government of South Vietnam.Americas contribution to South Vietnam took form in legion(predicate) different ways, such as 1. America sent over a thousand force personal to South Vietnam to assist in t raining and building up there armies. 2. From July of 1957 to June of 1958 America salaried ALL of the Sout h Vietnamese cost for their army, 80% of government expenditures and 90% of all imports. 3. The USA provided for each one refugee coming into South Vietnam with $89 America was a big rationalness in why South Vietnam was so successful in keeping power up until 1968, without their knowledge, military and financial power South Vietnam would have fallen to he Communist very early on in the warfare.Another reason the Government being as successful as they were in keeping power was their fighting strategies and tactics, although to many people some of these strategies and tactics can seem harsh and inhumane they actually abeted South Vietnam a lot in keeping their government up and running and it has been documented that North Vietnams war tactics/strategies were just as inhumane as the South. The South Vietnamese government along with the help of the Americans implemented five main war strategies and tactics.These include Counterinsurgency, Combat Troops, Search and destroy, Chemical warfare and Pacification. to the highest degree of these were very successful on the battlefield and proved to keep some sort of stability in the government. The South Vietnamese government was sufficiently successful in their bid to keep power up until the Tet offensive in 1968. Although without the help of the American government the country would have failed to keep their power come up before this. The tactics and strategies implemented by both governments defiantly helped keep the country afloat and rain in some sort of government stability.

Dhaping human behaviour Essay Example for Free

Dhaping serviceman deportment EssaySocialisation is the lifelong process by which human behaviour is shaped by means of experience in social institutions (e.g. family, which is a crucial factor in primary socialisation). Through socialization, souls learn the determine, norms ( bollock and informal rules), and beliefs of a given society.In considering the nature of the self, it is necessary to involve a still more fundamental social scientific issue the extent to which human organisms be being formed by biological inheritance (i.e. genetic determinism), or through socialisation (i. e. ethnical determinism) the issue called nature-nurture debate.Another way to put this is the difference between instinct and learn behaviour, where instinct is inherited, and learned behaviour acquired through socialisation. Sociologists does not really consider instinctive behaviour therefore, most sociologists would only get there be inborn needs of food, shelter and sex. Other than thes e three, sociologists prefer the fact that human behaviour is shaped by social experience rather than that it is biologically given.However, although the direction of sociology is towards social explanation, there is no contradiction between social and biological explanations of behaviour. It is just a matter of empirical research by biologists, sociologists, social biologists and by other relevant subject specialists to find explanations of human behaviour.According to sociologist Charles Cooley, there argon two types of socialisation primary and alternative. Those factors that are involved in primary socialisation are usually small, involve face-to-face interaction and communication and allow the individual to express the whole self, both feelings and intellect. Usually, those factors are the family, peer groups, of close friends and closely-knit groups of neighbours. Within these groups, through personal experience, the individual learns primary values such as love, loyalty, justice, sharing, and etc. Freud claimed that the first few years of a persons life those usually spent amongst primary groups are the most important in forming the structure of the persons character.In contrast, secondary groups are usually large, more inert and formally organised, and exist for specific purposes. In the secondary stage, the individual learns by himself or herself more values and norms which are to be applied for the individual to fit in. This includes learning how to organise and conduct oneself in formal contexts (backgrounds) and how to behave towards people who have different degrees of status and authority. One of the crucial agents of secondary socialisation is school. duty unions and professional associations, also secondary socialisation agents, can affect an individuals behaviour when an individual agrees to conform to the beliefs, aims and regulations of the organisation. Therefore, indirectly, the individual accepts a socialising influence on his or her conduct.In both primary and secondary groups, the mickle media (e.g. radio, television, the cinema) also plays a vital part in socialising individuals. For example during primary socialisation, by observance certain cartoons, a child (although indirectly) can already be socialised of his or her gender determinations, such as patriarchal ideology (e.g. where the cartoon might portray the girl as the weaker one, always being bullied and being the helpless, damsel in distress while the son will then be the hero). Later, during secondary socialisation, magazines (a form of mass media) can also reinforce gender roles such as saying that girls moldiness learn to cook so that they could cook for their husbands later in marriage.One way of studying the role of society in shaping human behaviour is to examine the development of individuals who were either completely or nearly excluded from any social interaction for a period of their lives. This includes cases of those who spent most of their childhood set-apart from others in the wild (such as the Wild boy of Aveyron and the two girls, Wolf children of Bengal) and those who were cut off from others through confinement (imprisonment), also during childhood (such as the cases of Anna and Isabelle). The case of the wolf children revealed that their behaviour was very similar to the wolves that had plainly raised them. They preferred raw meat, moved on all fours and lacked any form of speech. There is a more recent case described by ODonnell where a 14 year old boy found in the Syrian desert had exceptional speed and had adopted some of the behavioural characteristics of the gazelles he was found with.

Should Plastic Bags be Banned?

Should formative Bags be Banned? shaping shopping adhesive frictions ar really cheap, economic consumptionful and convenientShould they be illegalizened? creative activityUnivers on the wholey, individuals and root words continue to advocate for the censorning of tensile shopping groundworks, proposing that they be re rumpd with utile biodegradable bags. Due to their semisynthetic nature, formatives are considered pollutants by critics. However, they are also very cheap, useful and convenient and a complete ban volition confound a epochal negative stinting impact for retailers, states and consumers. Both critics and advocates for the ban of formative shopping bags discombobulate been outspoken, with each side presenting objective arguments to support their come. By analysing the advantages and disadvantages of ductile shopping bags, the history attempts to examine the prospective economic, environmental and even social impacts that a ban on credit card could ha ve in society. A realistic assessment base on objective studies exit be vituperative in presenting an accurate evaluation of the plastic ban and will be helpful to all stakeholders involved. terra firmaEver since the emergence of plastics in the 1940s, they have grown to become extremely popular for consumers and industrial entities. up to now in the 21st Century, the volume of plastic macrocosm manufactured annually continues to rise with the total work volume in the first decade of the century equalling the entire 20th Centurys ingatheringion. An estimated 260 one million million million tons of plastics are currently being produced annually for different excogitations worldwide (Clapp and Swanston, 2009). Plastic shopping bags, delimitate as recyclable high-density polyethylene bags, are designed to be used only once. The increase in retail shopping and the emergence of retail venues in the 1970s take to the exponential increase in the popularity of plastic bags. Rese arch by Clapp and Swanston (2009) indicate that plastic bags are the most popular grocery bag of choice for consumers worldwide.Estimates indicate that between 600 meg and 1.5 trillion plastic bags are used yearly nearly the world (Luis and Spinola, 2010). Plastics shopping bags are manufactured when fossil fuels are converted into polymers. Plastics are considered exceptionally immutable and strong, an aspect that is counterproductive since it accounts for its negative properties. It is estimated that it takes between 400 and 1,000 years for a thin plastic to be broken down, hence they are considered a threat to the environment (Thompson, Moore, ComSaal, and Swan, 2009). Existing literature indicates that most citizens choose recycling rather than a complete ban of plastics. Surveys indicate that the majority of shoppers reuse plastic bags at least once (Ellis, Kantner, Saab and Watson, 2005).Current SituationThe calls for a complete ban arise from the primary concerns associa ted with plastic shopping bags. The first concern is that plastics create a foul up pepper that is extremely difficult to travel by or manage. Research carried out by the California Integrated Waste Management Board revealed that plastics of all kinds comprise an estimated 10% of the states disposable waste stream. A further estimated 0.3% and 0.13% of the total waste stream were plastic bags and plastic shopping bags respectively (Delaney Madigan, 2014). Plastic bags are also known to hatch with different studies revealing that, of all the total litter collected in the world, between 1 and 5 percent are from plastic bags. In the US alone, consumers use a whopping 100 billion plastic bags annually, with a large proportion of this eventually becoming litter (Delaney Madigan, 2014).Another critical cause for apprehension is that plastic bags take a very unyielding time to disintegrate. Research show that plastic bags abide last for as long as 1,000 years, with the vast majorit y of this life cycle being within the end of life phase either as litter or in a landfill (Freinkel, 2011). The extensive lifespan results from its immunity to biodegradation, hence they can only photo degrade over very long time periods releasing toxic additives in the process which also pollute the ecosystem. A plastic bags lifecycle has also been noted for being greenhouse gas intensive since fossil fuels are the primary compounds used during their production. There have also been concerns about the effect of plastic bags on ocean pollution. An assessment carried out by the United Sates Environmental Program (UNEP) revealed that an estimated 80% of all marine rubble come from a land source of which 60%-80% are plastics (Delaney Madigan, 2014). Plastic marine debris exists in almost all the regions of the world, hence it has created global pollution problems. Plastic directly affects more than 660 species of animals including fish, birds, turtles and a group of marine mammals ( Bean, 2013). When the animals confuse the bags for food, their digestive tracks become blocked, a development which may eventually cause death. harmonize to San Francisco marine officials, a study in which 370 autopsies were carried out found one in every troika dead leatherback turtles to have several(prenominal) form of plastics in their stomachs (Bean, 2013).Call for BansThe document undesirable effects of the plastic bags have led a number of individuals and groups to lobby for a worldwide ban on them. Studies show that even though the majority believed that consumer education would improve the situation, they have not achieved a world-shattering lessening in single use bag consumption. According to Ellis, Kantner, Saab and Watson (2005), education campaigns have only led to a 5% decrease in voluntary plastic bag usage. As a result, authorized nations have created mandatory formulas to limit the use of plastic bags. In the United States for example, 17 states have ordina nces that place bans and limitations on the use and distribution of plastic bags.Essentially, bans can be designed in various substance although it will depend on how it reduces plastic bag use, limiting the overall environmental damage, the overall economic impact on consumers, manufacturers and retailers and the legislations ability to reduce plastic bag use (The Economist, 2007). A number of variables that may be considered when imposing a ban include the types of bags to be banned, whether or not to include a fee, promoting the use of alternative paper, attaching an amount to the specific type of bags, or specifying the type of bags to be used. Other variables should include the types and sizes of retail venues that the ban can affect, ordinance exemption and incentives that will enforce the ordinance such as fees or fines that accomp both non-compliance (Clapp and Swanston, 2009).Potential Impacts of Plastic Bag BanEconomists and environmentalists have identify a number of sa y-so economic impacts on the ban of plastics. A ban has the capacity of diminution the volume of plastic bags used in retail outlets. However, this will vary and can only be determined by customer feedback, retail venue feedback, analyses of baggage records, analysis of the disposition of waste stream and observational studies. A ban of plastic bags may be successful especially if retailers are subjected to turn on customers for plastic bags as a measure for overall reduction. Using the case of Ireland which has achieved a 90% reduction in the use of plastic paper bags, it was evident that the initiation of a national fee served that purpose well (Sugii, 2008).A considerable environmental impact will also result from the ban of plastic paper bags if customers are subjected to pay for the use of the bags. The imposition of a complete ban or a fee for the usage will significantly reduce the environmental impact of plastic paper bag use. A complete ban on plastic paper bag may, howev er, be difficult to call in although it is estimated that this would result in between a 93% and 96% reduction in the reported environmental impacts. The goal should, therefore, be a step-by-step transition from the use of plastic bags to reusable bags so as to limit the eventual economic impact of plastics (Hasson, Leiman, and Visser, 2007). sparing Impact on RetailersA complete ban of plastic shopping bags or even a transition to other reusable bag types will have multiple economic effects. The effects will not only be on plastic manufacturers, but consumers, retailers and even entire cities and states will be affect. Retailers will be some of the worst affected entities with a ban on plastic shopping bags since in nearly all countries of the world, they offer them to customers at no charge. Although retailers purchase the bags at minimal embodys, they are terms effective and can be charged on the retailers expense account. Retailers will still accept to package goods for th eir customers in some way and the cost associated with alternative bags will be significantly greater for retailers.Retailers may also choose to sell the alternative paper bags to customers, a development which may be sustainable in the long run. Although in the short run retailers may stomach a loss due to the increase in the usage of paper bags, the loss can be mitigated if consumers start paying for their own reusable bags. Retailers may lose business if customers take their business elsewhere, especially when the ban is selective (Ellis, Kantner, Saab and Watsonm 2005). It is further documented that research from areas in which plastic bags were banned demonstrated a considerable decrease in sales. This is, however, disputable since the methodology used and the sample size of the study was relatively minimal and restricted within the boundaries of the Los Angeles County.Economic Impact to Consumers and Plastic ManufacturersA ban on plastic shopping bags would have a significa nt impact on consumers, since at present the bags are given free to consumers. However, a study by the United Nations Environmental Program revealed that plastic shopping bags are not actually free, but cost every household between $10 and $15 annually (Hasson, Leiman, and Visser, 2007). In order to estimate the potential economic impact that a ban on plastics could have on consumers, it is imperative to consider the expenditure for the alternative reusable and paper bags. Although reusable bags are relatively costly, customers may actually save be eventually since reusable bags are more durable and are designed to last for many years. Customers can even replace reusable stock a number of times further saving cost instead of paying recurring fees for paper bags (Hasson, Leiman, and Visser, 2007).Bans on plastic paper bags will also have a significant impact on plastic manufacturers since a significant proportion of their business is based on the domestic segment. A number of plast ic manufacturers have aggressively opposed any proposed bans or measures to restrict the use of plastic bags. Although most of the manufacturers produce a wide variety of products, it is evident that any bans on plastic shopping bags will significantly hinder the companies revenue streams. Clapp and Swanston (2009) however argue that plastic bag manufacturing companies can mitigate the loss in business by switching to other product lines, such as the manufacture of reusable bags. Ellis, Kantner, Saab and Watsonm (2005) argue that it is not the shopping bag plastic manufactures that will lose, but the actual loss will be incurred by the larger plastic producers. abbreviation and purposeMultiple arguments to support an opposition of the ban of plastics have been presented by opponents. According to Freinkel (2011), there is no need to ban plastics since the proportion of litter resulting from plastic shopping bag is too small to justify a total ban. He further argues that the ecologi cal litter impact of plastic shopping bags, when quantified, is quite insignificant. A ban of the use of plastic paper bags could also cause significant muse loses within the plastics manufacturing industry. Nonetheless, it has been argued that the job loses can be compensated when a number of businesses emerge to fill the need for reusable bags. base on the analysis, the best option is to create measures with the objective of reducing the use of plastic shopping bags rather than implementing a complete ban. Even though there exists substantial literature documenting the environmental impact of illegalise plastic shopping bag, assessing the economic impact remains challenging. It is evident that a complete ban of the use of plastic shopping bags would affect a number of players within the plastic industry. Both retailers and consumers may be negatively affected in the short term as a result of an increase in baggage costs, but it is projected to decrease whenever a transition to r eusable bags is effected. The plastic industry will, however, suffer even though plastic manufacturers can begin producing reusable bags.BibliographyAECOM Technical Services. (2010). Economic Impact Analysis Proposed Ban on Plastic Carryout Bags in Los Angeles County. Los Angeles AECOM.Bean,L. (2013). Silent Killers TheDanger of Plastic Bags to Marine Life.EcoWatch.Clapp, J. and Swanston, L. (2009). Doing Away with Plastic shop BagsInternational Patterns of Norm Emergence and Policy, Environmental Politics, 183, 315-332Delaney, T., Madigan, T. (2014). Beyond sustainability A thriving environment.McFarland Company, Inc.Ellis, S., Kantner, S., Saab, A. and Watson, M. (2005). Plastic grocery bags The EcologicalFootprint. Michigan Technological University.Freinkel, S. (2011). Plastic A toxic love story. Boston Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Hasson, R., Leiman, A. and Visser, M. (2007). The political economy of Plastic Bag Legislation InSouth Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 75(1 ) 66-83.Luis, I. P. and Spinola, H. (2010). The influence of a voluntary fee in the consumption ofPlastic bags on supermarkets from Madeira Island (Portugal). Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(7) 1-15.Sugii, T. (2008). Plastic Bag Reduction Policies to Reduce Environmental Impact. TuftsUniversityThe Economist. (2007). The War on Shopping Bags Plastics of Evil. The Economist, March29th, 2007.Thompson, R.C., Moore, C. J., ComSaal, F.S., and Swan, S. H. (2009). Plastics,theenvironment and human wellness, Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, Biological Sciences, 364 (1526).