Ethnic Groups in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

cultural Groups in Pakistan EssayRecommended Citation Khan, Adeel, Ethnic nationalism and the read in Pakistan, fix of Philosophy thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, 2001. http//ro. uow. edu. au/theses/1736 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further study contact the UOW Library emailprotected edu. au Ethnic nationalism and the State in Pakistan A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from University of Woilongong by Adeel Khan Sociology Program, Faculty of Arts February 2001contract I, Adeel Khan, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Sociology Program of Faculty of Arts, University of Woilongong, is wholly my ingest work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other schoolman institutio n. Adeel Khan 26 February 2001 11 Aknowledgements I would like to thank the Sociology Program and the School of Critical interrogation at the University of Woilongong for helping me to travel to Pakistan twice to do my fieldwork.In Pakistan there are too some people who have helped me in many a(prenominal) different ways. I am grateful to all those academics, journalists, politicians, lawyers and activists who spared their cartridge clip to speak to me. I would like to especially thank Mazhar Abbas who not only provided me with very useful culture and contacts merely also arranged meetings with the MQM leaders. I am indebted to Ahmed Shah and Ayub Shiekh for organising one of the more or less entertaining as well as productive trips to Hyderabad where they arranged meetings with Ibrahim Joyo and Rasul Bux Palejo and other Sindhi nationalists.In Lahore I had the pleasure of Khawar Malik and Imtiaz Alams company in one of the most dramatic months in Pakistans history when the c hief justice and the prime minister were caught in a bizarre battle of ego that had created a serious political crisis. In Quetta, Abdul Sami Kakar, a designer Pukhtim Student Federation activist, who was introduced to me by Tahir Mohammad Khan, was a wonderful company and great help in organising interviews with Baloch and Pukhtun nationalists.In Islamabad I shall always miss late Eqbal Ahmed with whom I had some of the most stimulating discussions. My supervisor, Stephen Castles, has been an gruesome source of encouragement and inspiration. He not only encouraged me to compute as deeply and as critically as possible but also, at times, forced me to explore different aspects of the argument whenever he felt I could do better. I have particularly benefited from Stephens knowledge of European history.What impressed me the most about Stephen, however, is that he is one of those people who are so comfortable with themselves that they hardly care what others think of them, and theref ore they are unassuming and full of humility. I wish I could learn that from him, too. My wife, Rafat, deserves more than a few words of gratitude for she is the one who had to put up with my anxiety, self-doubt, writers block, mood swings, and all the other hazards that come with a person who agrees with Adomo that (o)nly those thoughts are frue which fail to understand themselves. I stand obliged to her for bearing with me. As is customary, and in legal terms, too, I must admit that only I am responsible for the mistakes and weaknesses in my work, but as I have made it obvious that I would not have been able to elicit this work without the help of all those mentioned above, and therefore, morally at least, they put upnot escape the responsibility. The only consolation I can offer to them is that I apologise for the mistakes and weaknesses and promise to try harder, next time, to fail better.Ill Abstract patriotism is a way of dealing with a world where everything melts into thi n air. It is a stratum of self-love in which individuals celebrate their collective identity. And like all forms of self-love it gets its strength more from the hatred of others than its love for the self Here lies the secret behind some of the most intractable conflicts in the world. patriotism is, probably, the only form of self-love that gets its life-blood from an institution, the modem state.Had the state not been behind the self-love of the Germans, they would not have been able to torture and take out so many Jews in such a short period of time. Likewise, had the west not helped the Jews to ca-ca their own state in Palestine, the Jews would never have been able to displace and kill so many Palestinians. Nationalism is not the pathology of the modem world, but is, as a sentiment and as a doctrine, only a pathetic way to deal with a pathetic world.But nationalism as a endorse of power, as a politics, is lethal and destructive. As a sentiment and as a doctrine nationalism ma y be the child of an unstable and fast changing world but as a politics it is the child of the nation state. This thesis explores the relationship amongst the nation-state and the nationalisms of four ethnic groups, namely, Pukhtun, Sindhi, Baloch and Mohajir, who have, at assorted points in time, contested the legitimacy of the administrative structure of the Pakistani state.It starts with identifying the issue of ethnic conflicts, goes on to freshen the available literature and then outlines a framework for studying ethnic IV nationalism. As the vehemence here is on the role of the modem state in provoking ethnic discontent and resistance the hour chapter discusses the interventionist role of the state and tries to highlight its relationship with nationalism. The second section of the chapter looks at various approaches to nationalism and explains as to which approach is more suitable and why for dealing with ethnic nationalism.The third chapter endeavours to explicate the di fference between pre-colonial and colonial state in India as well as the way the colonial state disrespect being modem was different from the modem state organization in the west. The fourth chapter discusses the state system in Pakistan and argues that the postcolonial state is a replica of the colonial state. The next four chapters examine the emergence of four ethnic movements and their alter strategies for dealing with the centralising and homogenising policies of the state.Throughout, the focus remains on the ethnic groups distance from and proximity to the state system as the major factor in determining their relationships. Table of Contents Declaration Acknowledgments Abstract 11 iii iv Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Introduction Nationalism and the State Colonisation of the State in India Nationalisation of the Colonial State in Pakistan Pukhtun Ethnic Nationalism From Separatism to Integrationism Baloch Ethnic Nationalism From Guerilla War to Nowhere?Sindhi Ethnic Nationalism Migration, Marginalisation, and the Threat of Indianisation Mohajir Ethnic Nationalism El Dorado gone Sour At a Crossroads as Ever forwards 1 24 45 67 99 133 Chapter 7 158 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 201 238 References Appendix A Interviews 244 259 VI The whole is the false Adomo Inversion of Hegels famous dictum, the whole is the true (197850) Vll Please see patsy copy for image Source 1998 Census (Statistical Pocket Book of Pakistan, 2000) PAKISTAN.